Assumptions

What is included?

General assumptions:

Material

Material is included.

Production

Production is included.

Distribution

Partially, not for all ingredients.

Use

Cooking is not included.

End of life

End of life is not included.

  Carbon Footprint (CO2e)

We focus on carbon footprint (CO2e), the decisive factor affecting climate change. However, other dimensions should be taken in account before taking decisions, e.g. the water, the waste and the land footprint as well as the ethical perspective. Click here to learn more about CO2e.

Sources

  1. Recipe from: https://foodhero.org//recipes/spinach-chicken-italian

  2. ifeu - Institut fĂĽr Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH (2020). Ecological footprint of food and dishes in Germany. URL: https://www.ifeu.de/projekt/oekologischer-fussabdruck-von-lebensmitteln-und-gerichten-in-deutschland/

  3. Eat Organic Quote: Food’s Carbon Footprint (2020) Food’s Carbon Footprint. URL: http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html

  4. Brooks, M., Foster, C., Holmes, M., & Wiltshire, J. (2011). Does consuming seasonal foods benefit the environment? Insights from recent research. Nutrition Bulletin, 36(4), 449-453. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01932.x

  5. DeWeerdt, S. (2009). Is local food better?. World Watch Magazine, 22(3), 6-10. URL: http://www.geopathfinder.com/IsLocalFoodBetter.pdf

  6. Wakeland, W., Cholette, S., & Venkat, K. (2012). Food transportation issues and reducing carbon footprint. In Green technologies in food production and processing (pp. 211-236). Springer, Boston, MA. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1587-9_9

  7. Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual review of environment and resources, 37. URL: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608

  8. Virtanen, Y., Kurppa, S., Saarinen, M., Katajajuuri, J. M., Usva, K., Mäenpää, I., ... & Nissinen, A. (2011). Carbon footprint of food–approaches from national input–output statistics and a LCA of a food portion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(16), 1849-1856. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.07.001

  9. Scarborough, P., Appleby, P. N., Mizdrak, A., Briggs, A. D., Travis, R. C., Bradbury, K. E., & Key, T. J. (2014). Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK. Climatic change, 125(2), 179-192. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372775/

Contributors

Sustainablity researchers making this input possible:

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Rupa
M.Sc. Environmental & Resource Management, Brandenburg University of Technology
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Kathie
BA.Sc. Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick